Some business schools have come under considerable criticism for what observers see as their complicit involvement in the corporate scandals and financial crises of the last 15 years. Much of the discussion about changes that schools might undertake has been focused on curriculum issues. However, revisiting the curriculum does not get at the root cause of the problem. Instead, it might create a new challenge: the risk of decoupling the discussion of the curriculum from broader issues of institutional purpose. In (...) this article, we argue that the most pressing need facing business schools is not to teach new courses to be responsive to social demands and stay relevant. Instead, it is to revisit their basic mission—the principles and beliefs on which they were founded—and then to re-evaluate their curriculum design choices in this light. We contrast the Spartan and Athenian educational paradigms as a way of shedding light on the nature of a coherent response. (shrink)

En la última década se ha podido apreciar cómo algunos colectivos sociales, heterogéneos entre sí, exigen y celebran las penas de cárcel cuanto más largas mejor ante delitos que atentan contra los bienes y valores que defienden. En este trabajo se trata de reflexionar sobre la paradoja que supone que movimientosque se implican en la lucha por la evolución y consolidación de los derechos fundamentales, denuncien la crueldad y disfunciones que genera el sistema penal en general y la cárcel en (...) particular, pero los justifiquen como medios adecuados para poder visibilizar, responder y resolver problemas sociales. Son incoherenciasque pueden alimentar e incrementar la pendiente deslizante hacia el excepcionalismo punitivo y carcelario y que consolidan otro tipo de populismo punitivo. (shrink)

Resumen: La Convención sobre los Derechos de los Niños incorpora los derechos de participación al elenco de derechos e insiste en la realización del derecho a ser escuchado porque consolidan una nueva imagen del niño como sujeto de derecho. Esa escucha del menor de edad en sede judicial, cuando ha cometido un delito, debe permitirle sentirse partícipe del proceso y que el juicio sea percibido como justo y las medidas entendidas como legítimas. Dada la trascendencia de esta escucha, es importante (...) analizar cómo se realiza y qué sentido se le da en la declaración del menor ante la policía o la fiscalía. Abstract: The Convention on Children's Rights incorporates the rights of participation to the list of rights and insists on the realization of the right to be heard because they consolidate a new image of the child as a subject of law. That hearing of the minor in juvenile justice, when he/she has committed a crime, should allow him/her to participate of the process and perceive the trial as fair and the measures as justified. Given the importance of this hearing, it is important to analyze how it is done and the meaning of it in the declaration of the minor before the police or the prosecutor's office. (shrink)

There has been little consensus around the sequential relationship between organizational affective commitment and workers’ wellbeing. In line with the Conservation of Resources Theory, results of this two-wave study with a contact center employee sample showed that organizational affective commitment decreases work ill-being and increases work wellbeing. Furthermore, in keeping with the loss spiral assumption of this theory, the mediating role of burnout in the affective commitment-health relationship was supported in this study. However, in accordance with the Job Demand-Resources, work (...) engagement was found not to prevent effects on health. The findings have implications for the organizational affective commitment theory, as well as for organizational occupational health policies and interventions. (shrink)

Tanto la ontología de la diferencia sexual, tal como la elabora el feminismo de la diferencia, como la des-ontologización de la diferencia sexual, tal como la deconstruye el transfeminismo queer, coinciden en apelar al concepto de diferencia en sí, no dualista, jerárquica ni excluyente, como núcleo de su argumentación teóricopolítica. Sin embargo, ambas teorías resultan en su desarrollo inconciliables y conducen a proyectos políticos opuestos. El presente artículo se propone elaborar las razones de tal divergencia en el marco de una (...) ontología realista y material. (shrink)

Resumen: Søren Kierkegaard se ha instalado en la historia de la filosofía como el pensador de una libertad puramente posible, capaz de crear su propio sentido y realidad. Lo posible, lo virtual, la potencia, constituyen para Kierkegaard el sustrato de la existencia, elemento, medio y fin de su acción libre y creadora. La determinación de la posibilidad infinita como origen y fundamento del ser supone la resignificación ontológica de lo real en su totalidad, en claro contraste con la vieja metafísica (...) del acto perfecto y acabado. Las siguientes líneas intentarán leer a Kierkegaard en el horizonte post-fundacional de la ontología contemporánea como pensador de la inmanencia y contingencia radicales, cuya pura posibilidad de poder anticipa en muchos sentidos el nuevo giro especulativo del siglo XXI.: Søren Kierkegaard is laid in the History of Philosophy as the thinker of a purely possible freedom, capable of creating its own meaning and actuality. The possible, the virtual, the potency constitute for Kierkegaard the substratum of existence, element, middle and end of its free and creative action. The determination of the infinite possibility as origin and foundation of being supposes the ontological resignification of actuality, in clear contrast with the old metaphysics of the perfect and complete act. The following lines will attempt to read Kierkegaard on the post-foundational horizon of contemporary ontology as a thinker of radical immanence and contingency, whose infinite possibility of power anticipates in many ways the new speculative turn of XXI Century. (shrink)

This paper focuses on natural aesthetics as it relates to an ecological ethics informed by Aldo Leopold and by two contemporary environmental ethicists inspired by him: Callicott and Rolston. By contrast to Callicott, Rolston's work emphasises the distinctive character of natural beauty and gives reasons to understand such beauty as foundational for acting morally in the natural world. This paper argues, on these theoretical grounds, that an informed natural aesthetics is a requirement of an environmental ethics on account of the (...) co-relational link between the integrity, balance and beauty of the biotic community. This more objective foundation can better support conservationist movements in practice, bringing together natural beauty and duty in the pursuit of a closer harmony between humankind and the natural world. (shrink)

This paper seeks a legal approach to the question of the implications of various religious beliefs in food. To begin with, it will be made a descriptive analysis of how the religious event influences and conditions the food consumption of believers, approaching both the three majoritarian or most representative religions of our country as well as several minority religions. Next, we will go on to observe and point out the obligations arising from Spanish Law regarding this aspect. Finally, once these (...) two areas have been analyzed and with what they illustrate, we will focus the main objective of this study giving our opinion on whether this is an issue that depends on the Law and that depend on a legislator or if, on the contrary, it is a question that belongs more to the internal sphere of citizens. (shrink)

In this paper, I use an extension of Russell’s theory of descriptions to give further support to an analysis of truth ascriptions that stems back to Ramsey and has been further developed by Dorothy Grover and Christopher J. F. Williams. It is the view that the truth predicate vanishes in the logical form of the sentences in which it occurs in favour of a combination of quantifiers and propositional variables. I argue that Russell’s theory of descriptions can be used as (...) a technical way of giving flesh to the sometimes-vague characterisation of truth terms as expressive. In my analysis, I assume the Fregean analysis of quantifiers, Frege’s context principle, and the Fregean distinction between grammatical structure and logical form. These three ground-breaking insights are crucial to the Russellian interpretation of denoting phrases and the analysis of truth ascriptions that I advocate. In section one, I explain the sense in which truth is a higher-level concept and which consequences follow from this claim, one of them being the linguistic flexibility of the concept of truth. In section two, I apply Russell’s insights to truth ascriptions and show that the truth predicate dissolves in their logical form in favour of propositional variables and quantifiers. The disappearance of the predicate in the logical form is the precise sense that I give to the claim that truth terms possess expressive meaning. As propositional quantification has been felt as a serious obstacle to the Ramseyian approach, I show in section three that the Quinean arguments usually addressed against higher-order quantification are weaker than the received view has taken them to be. I also address the objection that rests on the normative nature of truth. I argue in section four that the approach to truth ascriptions introduced by Ramsey provides an accurate and technically irreproachable account of the semantic expressivism associated with the concept of truth. (shrink)

A pesar de que el mismo S. Kierkegaard reconoció haber sido hegeliano y que sus propios contemporáneos lo tuvieron por tal, su pensamiento ha pasado a la historia como una de las mayores fuerzas anti-hegelianas. La recepción historiográfica hegemónica asumió acríticamente el modelo de un dualismo existencial-especulativo, que entiende a Kierkegaard como el pensador de la experiencia subjetiva y a Hegel como el aliado de un concepto abstracto y vacío. Las siguientes páginas se proponen contribuir a la rectificación de esta (...) incomprensión especulativa, cuyas consecuencias agudizan cada vez más la confusión contemporánea. En oposición a la imagen de un Kierkegaard antihegeliano, intentaremos mostrar la profunda influencia del pensamiento de Hegel sobre el existencialismo kierkegaardiano, influencia que se manifiesta en las categorías de espíritu, dialéctica, idea, reduplicación e unidad relacional, entre otras. (shrink)

The relationship between aesthetic value and other moral and cognitive values has been a key theme within contemporary aesthetic discussion. In this article, I explore once again the implications of this relationship, but from what I think might be a different angle. With few exceptions, notably Dominic Lopes, most of the contributions to this issue have dealt with the impact that moral or cognitive values could possibly have on the overall aesthetic value of a work of art. In this article, (...) I explore instead how aesthetic properties or merits could play a role in explaining moral and cognitive properties. To do so, I first offer some examples that I think may reasonably exemplify the phenomenon we are considering. Second, I argue that a proper account of interactionism should meet at least two constraints: the relevance constraint and the autonomy constraint. Finally, I try to clarify how it is possible that aesthetic properties substantially contribute to other values by appealing to the notions of expression and the affective character of aesthetic properties. (shrink)

Análisis de los textos relativos a la Creación que aparecen en las Cartas de Maimónides, en los que el filósofo judeoandalusí puntualiza las tesis mantenidas en sus obras mayores.

Comentamos y discutimos, en esta nota, algunas de las reconceptualizaciones normativas y aplicaciones diversas del paradigma de la Justicia Global. Los trabajos de Pogge compilados en Hacer justicia a la humanidad proporcionan una visión de conjunto del objetivo pragmático de su pensamiento: erradicar la pobreza severa. Discutimos, en primer lugar, su operación de otorgar carácter negativo a los derechos económicos y sociales por considerarlo erróneo y desencaminado tanto en la teoría como en sus repercusiones prácticas. Finalmente, enjuiciamos favorablemente su reflexión (...) acerca de la Equidad de Género en el contexto de los debates en torno a la medición de la pobreza y la analítica de las desigualdades. Su problematización a este respecto, permitiría una fructífera intersección con la crítica feminista a los marcos teóricos hegemónicos del desarrollo humano y a los impactos de la globalización sobre las mujeres. (shrink)

La idea de convergencia es una de las nociones más difundidas en el lenguaje tecnocientífico actual. Sin olvidar el éxito que está teniendo en el diseño de la política europea, no cabe duda de que es un concepto clave en la financiación de las investigaciones integradas en el marco de lo que se ha denominado las NBCI (nano-bio-cogno-info-tecnologías). Con ello, pretendemos analizar hasta qué punto se está difundiendo algún sesgo axiológico a través de esta noción. Algo que cobra especial interés (...) si tenemos en cuenta la acogida que está teniendo en los recientes estudios sobre el nuevo modo de producción del conocimiento tecnocientífico (Gibbons, Nowotny, Funtowicz…) y el giro económico que estos han experimentado en los últimos años. (shrink)

La vulneración de derechos en la atención sanitaria en Latinoamérica representa una problemática creciente que afecta la calidad de los servicios y la equidad en la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las principales causas y consecuencias de la violación de derechos en los sistemas de salud de la región, enfocándose en los derechos humanos, el acceso a la atención médica, la discriminación y la corrupción. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que incluye legislación, artículos que abordan la temática y (...) sentencias sobre la vulneración del derecho a la atención sanitaria. Los resultados indican que las vulneraciones más frecuentes incluyen la falta de acceso a servicios adecuados, el trato desigual hacia poblaciones vulnerables y la carencia de recursos. Se concluye que es urgente implementar reformas estructurales en los sistemas de salud de Latinoamérica para garantizar la protección efectiva de los derechos humanos y mejorar la calidad de la atención sanitaria. (shrink)

Siguiendo las reflexiones de M.-D. Chenu en Une école de théologie: Le Saulchoir, este artículo se pregunta por la legitimidad del uso del leguaje filosófico en teología. Para ello distingue el campo epistemológico propio de cada disciplina y establece el modo en que razón y fe se relacionan. Aunque es un hecho que en la historia de occidente la teología se expresó en un lenguaje filosófico, en el marco de la cultura contemporánea globalizada, se constata la emergencia de otras racionalidades (...) en la articulación de los discursos sobre Dios. Following the reflections of M-D. Chenu in Une ecole de theologie: Le Saulchoir, this article poses the question of the legitimacy for the use of philosophical language in theology. For this he distinguishes the proper epistemological field of each discipline and establishes the way in which reason and faith are related. Although it is a fact that in the history of the West theology is expressed in a philosophical language, in the framework of globalized contemporary culture, one can confirm the emergence of other forms of reasoning in the articulation of discourse about God. (shrink)

Inicialmente restrita aos muros escolares, a violência entre alunos passou a se manifestar também de forma online, por meio de redes sociais, estabelecendo a expressão cyberbullying. Sob esta perspectiva, há um consenso na literatura da área, de que cabe à escola se posicionar e assumir o compromisso de inibir estas práticas e estimular o convívio pacífico entre os alunos, dentro e fora da escola. Apesar da relevância da questão, a temática do cyberbullying ainda é pouco estudada de forma empírica. Observa-se (...) uma lacuna de informações no que se refere aos atores que podem atuar como agentes de prevenção e controle a este tipo de violência, os professores. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência da preocupação dos professores no envolvimento da escola frente às práticas de cyberbullying. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa junto a 112 professores de ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas do município de Blumenau/SC. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e equações estruturais. Os resultados indicaram que os professores demonstram maior preocupação quando percebem que o problema do cyberbullying é real e afeta os alunos. Quanto ao envolvimento da escola, verificou-se a necessidade de se estabelecer parcerias entre as instituições de ensino e a comunidade, promover assembleias alusivas ao tema nas escolas e fornecer aconselhamento aos jovens no próprio ambiente escolar. Por fim, observou-se que a preocupação dos professores com as práticas de cyberbullying influencia a sua crença de que o envolvimento da escola é importante, despertando a necessidade de posturas mais proativas para o combate a este malefício. Palavras-chave: Cyberbullying. Escola. Professores. (shrink)

En un momento de tensión y polémica por la situación que tiene la enseñanza de la filosofía dentro de la l. o. g. s. e., es útil hacer una reflexión comparativa con el modo en el que se esta dando respuesta a la didáctica de la filosofía en otro país europeo, en Italia.

Whereas extant literature has examined the overall effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on innovation, it is argued that CSR is a multidimensional concept encompassing both progressive activities concerning a firm’s engagement in the social domain, as well as rational aspects pertaining to corporate governance practices and the protection of shareholder rights. This study integrates organizational hypocrisy with the knowledge-based view literatures to examine how different forms of CSR engagement affect the rate of new product introductions (NPI). Results suggest that (...) the mechanisms by which progressive and rational CSR are associated to increases in the rate of NPI differ. Specifically, while progressive CSR positively affects the rate of NPI and such effect is deemed stronger for firms that are more vertically integrated, the effect of rational CSR on the rate of NPI is conditional on a firm’s level of absorptive capacity. (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation of the second-person object clitic te [‘you’] and the clitic se [lit. ‘it’] in advertising discourse from a cognitive viewpoint. The main explanatory notion will be cognitive salience; both clitics, te and se, exhibit this to varying degrees. The second-person te is more salient than the clitic se; therefore, the meanings conveyed by each in media discourse will be notably different. Results indicate that the distribution and usage of the clitics (...) te vs. se constitutes a different strategy of persuasion in advertising discourse. In general terms, te is used when a special deictic stance is needed, such as indexing a second-person as a potential consumer of the product or idea, whereas se tends to appear in utterances that describe the general and objective benefits of the product or idea advertised, denoting a desubjectivizing stance. The sociosituational distribution of this variation according to the target consumers will be analyzed. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta las difíciles relaciones entre perspectivas atentas al género y la bioetica. Tanto la ética como la ciencia, y en concreto la medicina, han sido objetadas desde enfoques feministas con el fin de revelar su sesgo androcéntrico. La bioética, no obstante, hasta hace bien poco, se ha mostrado reticente a considerar como categoría analítica el factor genero. Aludimos aquí a las causas de este desencuentro así como, posteriormente, a las posibilidades abiertas por una bioética feminista.This paper focuses on (...) the difficult relationship between bioethics and gender. Ethics and science, especially medicine, have been rejected from feminist perspectives revealing the androcentric bias. Bioethics, nevertheless, has resisted the option of consider gender as an analytic category. We point out the reasons of this resistance and also the open possibilities ofan feminist bioethics. (shrink)

The subversion of tradition of ethics carried out by Kant in his Critique of Practical Reason is, according to Lacan, the intelligibility background on which it is possible a science of the subject as developed by Freud. This would be shown up in a particularly effective way if comparing Kant’s moral theory with Sade’s antimoral one. It is not difficult to show the formal-structural identity of the state of affairs established by inconditionality of law in both theoretical systems, and thus (...) expose the possibility of that anti-moral as a kind of Kantian variation. Moreover, Lacan holds, it is necessary to recognize in Sade’s Philosophy in the Bedroom the truth of Critique of Practical Reason. Our study proposes an examination of this well-known Lacanian thesis. On the one hand, we seek to establish the exact content of this thesis and the diagnosis of the relationship that it involves between Kant and Freud (between Enlightenment and psychoanalysis). On the other hand, we seek to confront that diagnosis with the reconstruction of the specific terms of the practical subject question in Kant’s philosophy. The ultimate aim is at least to raise a question about the place of the concept of “Reason” in psychoanalysis, that is, about the margin that the truth of the subject discovered by this theory leaves for making the difference (at least de iure) between the weight of reason and the illusions of moral masochism, and about the very conditions of psychoanalysis as a theory. (shrink)

Mucho se ha hablado de la «existencia» como eje de la filosofía kierkegaardiana, pero muy poco se ha dicho sobre la «idea» que la sostiene y promueve. En efecto, existir es para Kierkegaard la reflexión concreta de la idealidad, la manifestación efectiva de un concepto, que avanza dialécticamente desde su indeterminación abstracta y formalmente posible hasta la conciencia absoluta de su identidad. Las siguientes páginas se proponen, en primer lugar, mostrar el dinamismo circular de la idea como fundamento, medio y (...) fin de la existencia kierkegaardiana. En segundo lugar, ellas intentarán contribuir a la rectificación de una lógica dualista, que ha contrapuesto de manera irreconciliable idea y realidad. (shrink)

Two seemingly contradictory aspects have marked art’s appreciation – and aesthetic appreciation in general. While an experience of pleasure seems to ground judgments of aesthetic value, some artworks seem to gain our praise by the very negative – unpleasant – experience they provoke. Known as the paradox of negative emotions, aestheticians have, at least since Aristotle, tried to deal with these cases and offer different explanations of the phenomenon. In this article, María José Alcaraz León does not directly (...) offer an alternative explanation; rather she focuses on the apparent tension between an understanding of aesthetic experience in terms of a certain kind of pleasure and the negative aspect that is necessarily involved in our appreciation of painful art. The purpose of her article is to show that cases of artistic appreciation that involve negative emotions do not need to give up on the idea that aesthetic value is ultimately grounded upon an experience of pleasure. (shrink)